 Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (1903-1987) - http://kolmogorov.com/Kolmogorov.html The most prominent twentieth-century mathematician. |
 The Works of Archimedes - http://www.archive.org/details/worksofarchimede029517mbp Provides the full text of this book translated by T. L. Heath. |
 Shortest path to Gauss - http://www.gauss.info This site is the quickest access to information about C.F.Gauss, although reduced to a single page. |
 Peirce, Benjamin (1809-1880) - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/peirce-benjamin/ Life and work of 19th century mathematician and philosopher of mathematics; by Ivor Grattan-Guinness and Alison Walsh. |
 Fibonacci - Who was Fibonacci? - Leonardo of Pisa (1175?-1250) - http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibBio.html His names, mathematical contributions, Introducing the decimal number system into Europe, Fibonacci Series. |
 Archimedes - http://www.cs.drexel.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/contents.html Provides a biography and cultural background, as well as details about his discoveries. Page includes photos and a timeline. |
 Kolmogorov, Andrei Nikolaevich (1903-1987) - http://www.cwi.nl/~paulv/KOLMOGOROV.BIOGRAPHY.html Worked on trigonometric series, set theory, integration analysis, constructive logic, topology, approximation methods, probability, statistics, random processes, information theory, dynamical systems, algorithms, celestial mechanics, Hilbert's 13th problem, and ballistics. Also, studied and applications of mathematics to problems of biology, geology, linguistics and the crystallization of metals. Born and lived in Russia. |
 Cauchy - Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789-1857) - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03457a.htm (Catholic Encyclopedia) Theory of polyhedra, symmetrical functions, proof of a theorem of Fermat which had baffled mathematicians like Gauss and Euler. |
 The Grothendieck Biography Project - http://www.fermentmagazine.org/home5.html Links relating to Alexandre Groethendieck. |
 Diophantus of Alexandria (c. 200-284 ) - http://history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Diophantus.html Best known for his Arithmetica, a work on the theory of numbers, a collection of 130 problems giving numerical solutions of determinate equations. |
 Schmidt, Erhard (1876-1959) - http://history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Schmidt.html Main research was functional analysis, doctorate was obtained under Hilbert's supervision, main interest was in integral equations and Hilbert space, best remembered for the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation process. |
 Pell, John (1611-1685) - http://history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Pell.html Worked on algebra and number theory, gave a table of factors of all integers up to 100000 in 1668. Pell's equation is y^2 = ax^2 + 1, where a is a non-square integer. |
 Cramer - Gabriel Cramer (1704-1752) - http://history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Cramer.html Best known for his work on determinants, made contributions to the study of algebraic curves. |
 Galois, Évariste (1811-1832) - http://history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Galois.html Galois theory, a branch of mathematics dealing with the general solution of equations, group theory, method of determining when a general equation could be solved by radicals, solved many long-standing unanswered questions. |
 Hermann Gunter Grassmann - http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Grassmann.html Provides biographical details of this German mathematician who lived from 1809 to 1877, the inventor of what is now called exterior algebra. |
 Galois, Evariste - http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Galois.html Biography in the St Andres archive. |
 Gauss, Johann Carl Friedrich (1777-1855) - http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gauss.html One of the all-time greats, Gauss began to show his mathematical brilliance at the early age of seven. He is usually credited with the first proof of The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. |
 Cauchy, Augustin Louis (1789-1857) - http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Cauchy.html Cauchy contributed to almost every branch of mathematics. He is probably best known for his important contributions to real and complex analysis. |
 Abel - Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829) - http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Abel.html Norwegian mathematician. Worked on elliptic functions and integrals, algebraic solution of equations and solubility by radicals. |
 Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind - http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Dedekind.html Provides biographical details of this German mathematician who lived from 1831 to 1916. |
 Galois - The Evariste Galois Archive - http://www.galois-group.net/ Includes personal biography, explanation of his theory and related links. |
 Biographies of Women Mathematicians - http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/women.htm On-going project by students in mathematics classes at Agnes Scott College, in Atlanta, Georgia. |
 Bessel - Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784-1846) - http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_bessel.html Catalogued stars, predicted a planet beyond Uranus as well as the existence of dark stars, investigated Johann Kepler's problem of heliocentricity, and systematized the mathematical functions involved, which now bear his name. |
 The Grothendieck Circle - http://people.math.jussieu.fr/~leila/grothendieckcircle/ Aims to make publicly available materials written by and about Alexandre Grothendieck. Made contributions to algebraic geometry, homological algebra and functional analysis. Page includes list of mathematical,biographical publications and some portrait photos. |
 Eratosthenes of Cyrene (276-194 BC) - http://www.eranet.gr/eratosthenes/html/eoc.html Discusses this early Grecian's discoveries in finding a good approximation of the circumference of the earth, the tilt angle of our planet and a tool for finding prime numbers. Page includes biographical information. |
 History of Mathematics - http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/HistMath.html Online texts of historic mathematical people, including Hamilton, Riemann, Newton, Boole, and Cantor. Also, has biographical backgrounds for key figures during the 17th and 18th centuries. |
 Lambert - Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728 - 1777) - http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Lambert/RouseBall/RB_Lambert.html In a memoir in 1768 on transcendental magnitudes he proved that pi is incommensurable. |
 The History of Mathematics - http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/ Collection of original papers of Berkeley, Hamilton, Riemann, Boole, Cantor, and Newton. Includes background and notes. Maintained by David R. Wilkins from Trinity College, Dublin |
 Fermat - Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) - http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Fermat/RouseBall/RB_Fermat.html From `A Short Account of the History of Mathematics' (4th edition, 1908) by W. W. Rouse Ball. |
 Archimedes Palimpsest - http://www.archimedespalimpsest.org/ Provides information on a project at the Walters Art Museum to study and conserve the ancient texts in this 13th century book. |
 A Chonicle of Mathematical People - http://www.robertnowlan.com/ Robert A. Nowlan provides short biographical sketches of mathematicians from many diverse fields. |
 Zermelo - Ernst Friedrich Ferdinand Zermelo (1871-1953) - http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zermelo.html Zermelo in 1908 was the first to attempt an axiomatisation of set theory |
 Plato (427-347 B.C.) - http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Plato.html "... the reality which scientific thought is seeking must be expressible in mathematical terms, mathematics being the most precise and definite kind of thinking of which we are capable." |
 Bernoulli, Daniel (1700-1782) - http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Daniel.html Most important work considered the basic properties of fluid flow, pressure, density and velocity, and gave their fundamental relationship now known as Bernoulli's principle. |
 d'Alembert - Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (1717-1783) - http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/D'Alembert.html Helped to resolve the controversy in mathematical physics over the conservation of kinetic energy by improving Newton's definition of force. |
 Chebyshev - Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (1821-1894) - http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Chebyshev.html Work on prime numbers included the determination of the number of primes not exceeding a given number, wrote an important book on the theory of congruences, proved that there was always at least one prime between n and 2n for n > 3. |
 Oughtred, William (1574-1660) - http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Oughtred.html Best known for the invention of an early form of the slide rule. |
 Al-Sabi Thabit ibn Qurra al-Harrani - http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Thabit.html Gives information on background and contributions to non-euclidean geometry, spherical trigonometry, number theory and the field of statics. Was an important translator of Greek materials, including Euclid's Elements, during the Middle Ages. |
 Dirichlet - Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805-1859) - http://turnbull.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Dirichlet.html Proved that in any arithmetic progression with first term coprime to the difference there are infinitely many primes, units in algebraic number theory, ideals, proposed the modern definition of a function. |
 Sheynin, Oscar - http://www.sheynin.de/ Freelance researcher specializes in the history of probability, statistics and error theory. Page includes list of publications and outside reviews. |
 Fibonacci Mathematics by Dr. Peter Reimers - http://www.fibonacci-mathematics.de/ Describes the rabbit problem and the Fibonacci sequence and some generalized rules. |
 University of St. Andrews: Biography Index - http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/BiogIndex.html Names are listed alphabetically or by date, from 1680 BC to the present. |