 Thread Implementation Table - http://members.aol.com/drbutenhof/ThreadTable.html Dave Butenhof's comparison of thread implementations. |
 Introduction to Priority Inversion - http://www.embedded.com/story/OEG20020321S0023 Gives an introduction to priority inversion and shows a pair of techniques to avoid them. |
 The Pillars of Concurrency - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/200001985 This article makes the case that a consistent mental model is needed to talk about concurrency. |
 Lock-free Interprocess Communication - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/189401457 Interprocess communication is an essential component of modern software engineering. Often, lock-free IPC is accomplished via special processor commands. This article propose a communication type that requires only atomic writing of processor word from processor cache into main memory and atomic processor word reading from main memory into the processor register or processor cache. |
 Application-Level Abstractions for Lock-Free Data Sharing - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/205200452 Describes lock-free data sharing, otherwise known as "wait-free data sharing" as an alternative to the use of locks. |
 Use Lock Hierarchies to Avoid Deadlock - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/204801163 Explains how to use lock hierarchies to avoid deadlock by assigning each shared resource a level that corresponds to its architectural layer. |
 Multi-threaded Debugging Techniques - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/199200938 Describes a number of general purpose debugging techniques for multi-threaded applications. |
 Apply Critical Sections Consistently - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/202401098 Critical sections are the One True Tool for guaranteeing mutual exclusion on shared variables. Like most tools, these must be applied consistently, and with the intended meanings. |
 volatile - Multithreaded Programmer's Best Friend - http://www.ddj.com/cpp/184403766 Discusses the usage of the volatile keyword in multithreaded C++ programs. |
 comp.programming.threads FAQ - http://www.serpentine.com/blog/threads-faq/ Frequently asked questions (by Bryan O'Sullivan). |
 Concurrency with Erlang - http://dsonline.computer.org/portal/site/dsonline/menuitem.9ed3d9924aeb0dcd82ccc6716bbe36ec/index.jsp?&pName=dso_level1&path=dsonline/2007/10&file=w5tow.xml&xsl=article.xsl& To avoid problems with shared state working with multiple threads, Vinoski recommends a programming language like Erlang rather than C++ or Java. |
 The Problem with Threads - http://www.computer.org/portal/site/computer/menuitem.5d61c1d591162e4b0ef1bd108bcd45f3/index.jsp?&pName=computer_level1_article&TheCat=1005&path=computer/homepage/0506&file=cover.xml&xsl=article.xsl& Argues that for concurrent programming to become mainstream, threads must be discarded as a programming model. Nondeterminism should be judiciously and carefully introduced where needed, and it should be explicit in programs. |
 Concurrent Programming: Principles and Practice - http://www.aw-bc.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0805300864,00.html This book provides an in-depth overview of underlying principles as well as practical techniques that can be used to design concurrent programs. (Greg Andrews) |
 Foundations of Multithreaded, Parallel, and Distributed Programming - http://www.aw-bc.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0201357526,00.html This book teaches the fundamental concepts of multithreaded, parallel and distributed computing. Emphasizes how to solve problems, with correctness the primary concern and performance an important, but secondary, concern. (Gregory R. Andrews) |
 Sutter Speaks: A Conversation with the Concurrency Whisperer - http://www.devx.com/go-parallel/Article/37573 Multi- and many-core chips are entering the mainstream — and one of the first software development authorities to take note was C++ expert Herb Sutter. Thanks to his practical insights, a new generation may grok concurrency sooner than previously thought possible. |
 Bibliography on Threads and Multithreading - http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Os/threads.html Part of the Computer Science Bibliography Collection. |
 A Thread Performance Comparison - http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/usenix-nt98/full_papers/zabatta/zabatta_html/zabatta.html Compares Windows NT and Solaris on a symmetric multiprocessor machine. |
 State Threads Library - http://state-threads.sourceforge.net/ Small application library for writing fast, highly scalable Internet programs on Unix-like platforms. Open source, MPL or GPL. |
 Await && Locks - http://await.sourceforge.net/ An expressive C++ thread synchronization library. |
 ZThreads - http://zthread.sourceforge.net/ An advanced object-oriented, cross-platform C++ threading and synchronization library. [GPL] |
 Survey of Threads - http://www.northco.net/chenke/project/project2.html Comparing Solaris, Linux, and Windows NT threads. |
 The Free Lunch Is Over: A Fundamental Turn Toward Concurrency in Software - http://www.gotw.ca/publications/concurrency-ddj.htm The biggest sea change in software development since the OO revolution is knocking at the door, and its name is Concurrency. |
 It's (Not) All Been Done - http://www.gotw.ca/publications/guest-ed-200609.htm Every decade or so there is a major revolution in the way software is developed. But, unlike the object and web revolutions, the concurrency revolution can be seen coming. |
 Software and the Concurrency Revolution - http://acmqueue.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=332 Focuses on the implications of concurrency for software and its consequences for both programming languages and programmers. (Herb Sutter and James Larus) |
 Fundamentals of Multithreading - http://www.slcentral.com/articles/01/6/multithreading/ Technical article, covering Amdahl's Law, latencies and bandwidth, on-chip multiprocessing, Jackson technology, and simultaneous multithreading. (SystemLogic.net) |
 comp.programming.threads FAQ - http://www.lambdacs.com/cpt/FAQ.html Bil Lewis's collection of frequently asked questions. |
 Priority Inheritance Protocols - http://www-md.e-technik.uni-rostock.de/ma/gol/rtsys-bib/90-toc-pcp.pdf Use of synchronization mechanisms like semaphores, monitors, and critical regions can lead to uncontrolled priority inversion. |
 Protothreads - http://www.sics.se/~adam/pt/ Very lightweight stackless threads; give linear code execution for event-driven systems, designed to use little memory; library is pure C, no platform-specific Assembly; usable with or without OS. Open source, BSD-type license. |
 RT++ - http://www.risc.uni-linz.ac.at/software/rt++/ Higher order threads for C++; tutorial and reference manual. |
 Portable Thread Synchronization using C++ - http://www.frostbytes.com/~jimf/papers/c++sync/c++sync.html Provides example C++ classes implementing a series of synchronization objects useful for building portable (Solaris and Win32) multithreaded applications. |
 Generic Synchronization Policies in C++ - http://www.ciaranmchale.com/gsp/ Most uses of synchronization code in multi-threaded applications fall into a small number of high-level “usage patterns”, or what can be called generic synchronization policies (GSPs). This paper illustrates how the use of such GSPs simplify the writing of thread-safe classes. In addition, this paper presents a C++ class library that implements commonly-used GSPs. |