Theory of Computation - http://www.cs.bu.edu/fac/lnd/toc/ Lecture notes for an undergraduate class taught by Leonid Levin at UC Berkeley.
CSCI 0510 Models of Computation - http://www.cs.brown.edu/courses/csci0510/ Undergraduate computer science course on the foundations of computing at the Brown University, Department of Computer Science.
Introduction to Formal Models in Computer Science - http://www.cs.washington.edu/education/courses/322/06sp/ Lecture notes from the University of Washington covering basic topics such as computation models and theoretical concepts such as nondeterminism.
Theoretical Computer Science on the Web - http://ai.stanford.edu/~suresh/theory/theory-home.html A directory of resources related to theoretical computer science from Stanford University.
Computability Logic - http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~giorgi/cl.html Main web source on the subject: overview, downloadable articles, links.
Church-Turing Thesis - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church-Turing_thesis Wikipedia article.
Computability Theory - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computability_theory Wikipedia article.
Interactive Computation - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_computation Wikipedia article.
Lecture Notes on Theory of Computation - http://www.jn.inf.ethz.ch/education/index.html Introduction to basic topics including models of computation, finite automata, context free grammars and complexity theory.
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